This backs up the whole database. 
In order to have further differential or transaction log backups you have to create the full database backup first.

Syntax:

BACKUP DATABASE [DBNAME] TO DISK = N'H:\DB_BACKUP\FULL_DB_BACKUP_TEST.bak' WITH NAME = N'FULL DATABASE BACKUP - DBNAME',STATS 
GO

Differential database backups are cumulative. This means that each differential database backup backs up the all the changes from the last Full database backup and NOT last Differential backup.

Syntax:

BACKUP DATABASE [DBNAME] TO DISK = N'H:\DB_BACKUP\FULL_DB_BACKUP_TEST.bak' WITH DIFFERENTIAL,NOINIT, NAME = N'DIFFERENTIAL BACKUP DBNAME DATABASE',STATS 
GO

It takes complete transaction log file 

Syntax:

BACKUP LOG [DBNAME] TO DISK = N'H:\DB_BACKUP\FULL_DB_BACKUP_TLOG.bak' WITH NAME= N'T-LOG BACKUP FOR DATABASE DBNAME',STATS 
GO

SELECT name AS [Database Name],recovery_model_desc AS [Recovery Model] FROM sys.databases
GO

BACKUP DATABASE [TEST] TO DISK = N'H:\DB_BACKUP\TEST_BKP\FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP_TEST.bak' WITH NAME = N'FULL DATABASE BACKUP - TEST',STATS 
GO

BACKUP DATABASE [TEST] TO DISK = N'H:\DB_BACKUP\TEST_BKP\FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP_TEST.bak' WITH DIFFERENTIAL,NOINIT, NAME = N'DIFFERENTIAL BACKUP TEST DATABASE',STATS 
GO

BACKUP LOG [TEST] TO DISK = N'H:\DB_BACKUP\TEST_BKP\TEST_DB_BACKUP_TLOG.bak' WITH NAME= N'T-LOG BACKUP FOR DATABASE TEST',STATS 
GO

-- List all database backups from last week.

SELECT 
CONVERT(CHAR(100), SERVERPROPERTY('Servername')) AS Server, 
msdb.dbo.backupset.database_name, 
msdb.dbo.backupset.backup_start_date, 
msdb.dbo.backupset.backup_finish_date, 
msdb.dbo.backupset.expiration_date, 
CASE msdb..backupset.type 
WHEN 'D' THEN 'Database' 
WHEN 'L' THEN 'Log' 
END AS backup_type, 
msdb.dbo.backupset.backup_size, 
msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily.logical_device_name, 
msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily.physical_device_name, 
msdb.dbo.backupset.name AS backupset_name, 
msdb.dbo.backupset.description 
FROM msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily 
INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupset ON msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily.media_set_id = msdb.dbo.backupset.media_set_id 
WHERE (CONVERT(datetime, msdb.dbo.backupset.backup_start_date, 102) >= GETDATE() - 7) 
ORDER BY 
msdb.dbo.backupset.database_name, 
msdb.dbo.backupset.backup_finish_date 

RESTORE VERIFYONLY FROM DISK = 'H:\DB_BACKUP\TEST_BKP\FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP_TEST.bak'; 
RESTORE VERIFYONLY FROM DISK = 'H:\DB_BACKUP\TEST_BKP\TEST_DB_BACKUP_TLOG.bak'; 

RESTORE HEADERONLY FROM DISK = 'H:\DB_BACKUP\TEST_BKP\FULL_DATABASE_BACKUP_TEST.bak'; 
RESTORE HEADERONLY FROM DISK = 'H:\DB_BACKUP\TEST_BKP\TEST_DB_BACKUP_TLOG.bak';